A SLEEP DISORDER, OR SOMNIPATHY, IS A MEDICAL DISORDER OF THE SLEEP PATTERNS OF A PERSON OR ANIMAL. POLYSOMNOGRAPHY AND ACTIGRAPHY ARE TESTS COMMONLY ORDERED FOR SOME SLEEP DISORDERS.
SOME SLEEP DISORDERS ARE SERIOUS ENOUGH TO INTERFERE WITH NORMAL PHYSICAL, MENTAL, SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL FUNCTIONING.
The most common sleep disorders include:
- Bruxism: Involuntarily grinding or clenching of the teeth while sleeping.
- Delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD): inability to awaken and fall asleep at socially acceptable times but no problem with sleep maintenance.
- Hypopnea syndrome: Abnormally shallow breathing or slow respiratory rate while sleeping.
- Idiopathic hypersomnia: a primary, neurologic hypersomnia, which shares many similarities with narcolepsy.
- Insomnia disorder: Chronic difficulties in falling asleep and/or maintaining sleep when no other cause is found for these symptoms.
- Kleine–Levin syndrome: characterized by persistent episodic hypersomnia and cognitive or mood changes
- Night terror: Sleep terror disorder, an abrupt awakening from sleep with behavior consistent with terror.
- Nocturia: A frequent need to get up and urinate at night. It differs from Enuresis, or bed-wetting, in which the person does not arouse from sleep, but the bladder nevertheless empties.
- Parasomnias: Disruptive sleep-related events involving inappropriate actions during sleep; sleep walking and night-terrors are examples.
- Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD): Sudden involuntary movement of arms and/or legs during sleep, for example kicking the legs.
- Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD): Acting out violent or dramatic dreams while in REM sleep, sometimes injuring bed partner or self (REM sleep disorder or RSD)
- Restless legs syndrome (RLS): An irresistible urge to move legs. RLS sufferers often also have PLMD.
- Sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea: Obstruction of the airway during sleep, causing lack of sufficient deep sleep, often accompanied by snoring.
- Sleep paralysis: is characterized by temporary paralysis of the body shortly before or after sleep.
- Sleepwalking or somnambulism: Engaging in activities that are normally associated with wakefulness (such as eating or dressing), which may include walking, without the conscious knowledge of the subject.
- Somniphobia: A cause of sleep deprivation. Somniphobia is a dread/ fear of falling asleep or going to bed. Signs of illness include anxiety and panic attacks before and during attempts to sleep.
Treatments
for sleep disorders generally can be grouped into four categories:
- Behavioral and psychotherapeutic treatment
- Rehabilitation and management
- Medication
- Hypnosis treatment
- Sleep Medicine
- Other somatic treatment
- Normison (temazepam) is a benzodiazepine commonly prescribed for insomnia and other sleep disorders.
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