Causes of Obesity ....

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. In Western countries, people are considered obese when their body mass index (BMI).

BMI is defined as the subject's weight divided by the square of their height and is calculated as follows.

                  BMI=M/H²

where m and h are the subject's weight and height respectively.

          ·         Any BMI ≥ 35 or 40 kg/m² is severe obesity.

          ·         A BMI of ≥ 35 kg/m² and experiencing obesity-related health conditions or ≥40–44.9 kg/m² is morbid obesity.

·         A BMI of ≥ 45 or 50 kg/m² is super obesity.

Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications, or psychiatric illness. Evidence to support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is limited. On average, obese people have greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.

Dieting and exercising are the main treatments for obesity. Diet quality can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods, such as those high in fat and sugars, and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber. With a suitable diet, anti-obesity drugs may be taken to reduce appetite or decrease fat absorption. If diet, exercise, and medication are not effective, a gastric balloon may assist with weight loss, or surgery may be performed to reduce stomach volume and/or bowel length, leading to feeling full earlier and a reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food.

WHY DO PEOPLE BECOME OBESE?

People become obese for several reasons, including:

• Consuming too many calories.
•  Leading a sedentary lifestyle.
• Not sleeping enough.
• Endocrine disruptors, such as some foods that interfere with lipid metabolism.
•  Lower rates of smoking (smoking suppresses appetite).
• Medications that make patients put on weight.
• Obesity gene.

OBESITY IS A LEADING PREVENTABLE CAUSE OF DEATH WORLDWIDE, WITH INCREASING RATES IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN.

MEDICAL FIELD	CONDITION	MEDICAL FIELD	CONDITION
Cardiology	·   Ischemic Heart Disease: Angina And Myocardial Infarction ·   Congestive Heart Failure ·   High Blood Pressure ·   Abnormal Cholesterol Levels ·   Deep Vein ·   Thrombosis And Pulmonary Embolism	Dermatology	·   Stretch Marks ·   Acanthosis Nigricans ·   Lymphedema ·   Cellulitis ·   Hirsutism ·   Intertrigo
Endocrinology And Reproductive Medicine	·   Diabetes Mellitus ·   Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ·   Menstrual Disorders ·   Infertility ·   Complications During Pregnancy ·   Birth Defects ·   Intrauterine Fetal Death	Gastrointestinal	·  Gastro esophageal Reflux Disease ·  Fatty Liver Disease · Cholelithiasis(Gallstones)
Neurology	·   Stroke ·   Meralgia Paresthetica ·   Migraines ·   Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ·   Dementia ·   Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ·   Multiple Sclerosis	Oncology	·   Breast, Ovarian ·   Esophageal, Colorectal ·   Liver, Pancreatic ·   Gallbladder, Stomach ·   Endometrial, Cervical ·   Prostate, Kidney ·   Non-Hodgkin's ·   Lymphoma, Multiple Myeloma
Psychiatry	·   Depression In Women ·   Social Stigmatization	Respirology	·   Obstructive Sleep Apnea ·   Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome ·   Asthma ·   Increased Complications During General Anaesthesia
Rheumatology And Orthopedics	·   Gout ·   Poor Mobility ·   Osteoarthritis ·   Low Back Pain	Urology  And Nephrology	·   Erectile Dysfunction ·   Urinary Incontinence ·   Chronic Renal Failure ·   Hypogonadism ·   Buried Penis